2010年11月4日星期四

Architectural Textiles




In the most literal sense, ‘textile’, which is derived from the Latin word texere, meaning ‘to weave’, refers to ‘everything that is woven’. In reality, textile also embraces materials that are pressed, knitted, crocheted, knotted or spun.


WHAT IS ARCHITECTURAL TEXTILE?

There is some confusion about the meaning of ‘textile’. It is sometimes thought to be a separate class of material whereas in fact textiles are the result of a processing technique that can be applied to many materials. For example, there are textiles made of wood (paper fibres) and metal.



I realized that recent days Vegetable and animal fibres have been used since time immemorial for clothing and Tt shelter. That makes textile design become more and more interesting.

Architecture can probably learn a few things from the clothing industry. For example, the addition of actuators to textile makes it possible to adjust the insulating properties of the garment to personal preferences, climatological conditions and the wearer’s level of activity. Electroactive polymers (EAPs), which play an important role in this functionality, provide a link with dynamic and smart textiles.


New found about Laser cutting

Above – Daniel Widrig, Shajay Booshan – Laser cut plexiglass


Tests of transferring ideas from
ElectroPlastique #1 to a different medium. Laser cut on wood.
This is Laser cutting for timber.

I found Laser cutting is quite useful , it can be used on variety of materials including acrylic, timber,steel ,carpet and flooring vinyl.

Im doing the mosaic for my recent project now. I think I need to try the laser cutting on tiles, glass as well.

2010年10月15日星期五

Elective-textile production

what is textile?

Some people say : textile is a flexible material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fibres often referred to as thread or yarn.

Some people say : In textiles you can make different kind of things such as, cloths, pillows, pants, shirts and ETC.

I think textile can be anything, like paper ,water,concrete,wood,skin... it just depends what you are thinking of it ! After the first class of textile production , i felt i was knowledgeable. I found then new construction was quite interesting! and I also knew something about laser, electro spinning, filament, additive progress, growing materials ...i really wanna know more about textile production.

2010年6月4日星期五

2nd year Textile Fashion Show in Chelsea
















Im one of the models for Chelsea's 2nd year Textile Fashion show for my friend. It was amazing day!! I showed a dress made of handmade weave. After that I thought I must work hard!!I should regard myself as a young designer.And also I need to upload my blog frequently!!

Research for my essay



Firstly I want to write about the Tang Dynasty custom. But later I found it has no interesting at all , so I change my mind to writer about William Turn's painting because I found it's special and I can talk about it a lot as well .

I have my rersearch below:

Joseph Mallord William Turner RA (23 April 1775[1]–19 December 1851) was an English Romantic landscape painter, watercolourist and printmaker. Turner was considered a controversial figure in his day, but is now regarded as the artist who elevated landscape painting to an eminence rivalling history painting.[2] Although renowned for his oil paintings, Turner is also one of the greatest masters of British watercolour landscape painting. He is commonly known as "the painter of light"[3] and his work regarded as a Romantic preface to impressionism .

Turner was born in Maiden Lane, Covent Garden, London, England. His father, William Gay Turner (27 January 1738–7 August 1829), was a barber and wig maker.[4] His mother, Mary Marshall, became increasingly mentally unstable, possibly due in part to the early death of Turner's younger sister, Helen Turner, in 1786. Mary Marshall died in 1804, after having been committed in 1799 to the Bethlem Royal Hospital, a mental asylum otherwise known as 'Bedlam'.
Possibly due to the load placed on the family by these problems, the young Turner was sent to stay with his maternal uncle in Brentford in 1785, which was then a small town west of London on the banks of the River Thames. It was here that he first expressed an interest in painting. A year later he attended a school in Margate on the north-east Kent coast. By this time he had created many drawings, which his father exhibited in his shop window.
He entered the Royal Academy of Art schools in 1789, when he was only 14 years old,[5] and was accepted into the academy a year later. Sir Joshua Reynolds, president of the Royal Academy, chaired the panel that admitted him. At first Turner showed a keen interest in architecture but was advised to continue painting by the architect Thomas Hardwick (junior). A watercolour by Turner was accepted for the Summer Exhibition of 1790 after only one year's study. He exhibited his first oil painting in 1796, Fishermen at Sea, and thereafter exhibited at the academy nearly every year for the rest of his life.
Turner travelled widely in Europe, starting with France and Switzerland in 1802 and studying in the Louvre in Paris in the same year. He also made many visits to Venice. On a visit to Lyme Regis, in Dorset, England, he painted a stormy scene (now in the Cincinnati Art Museum).
Important support for his work also came from Walter Ramsden Fawkes, of Farnley Hall, near Otley in Yorkshire, who became a close friend of the artist. Turner first visited Otley in 1797, aged 22, when commissioned to paint watercolours of the area. He was so attracted to Otley and the surrounding area that he returned to through his career. The stormy backdrop of Hannibal Crossing The Alps is reputed to have been inspired by a storm over Otley's Chevin while Turner was staying at Farnley Hall.
Turner was also a frequent guest of George O'Brien Wyndham, 3rd Earl of Egremont at Petworth House in West Sussex and painted scenes that Egremont funded taken from the grounds of the house and of the Sussex countryside, including a view of the Chichester Canal. Petworth House still displays a number of paintings.
As he grew older, Turner became more eccentric. He had few close friends except for his father, who lived with him for thirty years, eventually working as his studio assistant. His father's death in 1829 had a profound effect on him, and thereafter he was subject to bouts of depression. He never married, although his two daughters by Sarah Danby were born in 1801 and 1811.
He died in the house of his mistress Sophia Caroline Booth in Cheyne Walk, Chelsea on 19 December 1851. He is said to have uttered the last words "The sun is God" before expiring.[6] At his request he was buried in St Paul's Cathedral, where he lies next to Sir Joshua Reynolds. His last exhibition at the Royal Academy was in 1850.
The architect Philip Hardwick (1792–1870) who was a friend of Turner's and also the son of the artist's tutor, Thomas Hardwick, was in charge of making his funeral arrangements and wrote to those who knew Turner to tell them at the time of his death that, "I must inform you, we have lost him."


Style
Turner's talent was recognised early in his life. Financial independence allowed Turner to innovate freely; his mature work is characterised by a chromatic palette and broadly applied atmospheric washes of paint. According to David Piper's The Illustrated History of Art, his later pictures were called "fantastic puzzles." However, Turner was still recognised as an artistic genius: the influential English art critic John Ruskin described Turner as the artist who could most "stirringly and truthfully measure the moods of Nature." (Piper 321)
Suitable vehicles for Turner's imagination were to be found in the subjects of shipwrecks, fires (such as the burning of Parliament in 1834, an event which Turner rushed to witness first-hand, and which he transcribed in a series of watercolour sketches), natural catastrophes, and natural phenomena such as sunlight, storm, rain, and fog. He was fascinated by the violent power of the sea, as seen in Dawn after the Wreck (1840) and The Slave Ship (1840).
Turner's major venture into printmaking was the Liber Studiorum (Book of Studies), a set of seventy prints that the artist worked on from 1806 to 1819. The Liber Studiorum was an expression of his intentions for landscape art. Loosely based on Claude Lorrain's Liber Veritatis (Book of Truth), the plates were meant to be widely disseminated, and categorised the genre into six types: Marine, Mountainous, Pastoral, Historical, Architectural, and Elevated or Epic Pastoral.[7]
Turner placed human beings in many of his paintings to indicate his affection for humanity on the one hand (note the frequent scenes of people drinking and merry-making or working in the foreground), but its vulnerability and vulgarity amid the 'sublime' nature of the world on the other hand. 'Sublime' here means awe-inspiring, savage grandeur, a natural world unmastered by man, evidence of the power of God–a theme that artists and poets were exploring in this period. The significance of light was to Turner the emanation of God's spirit and this was why he refined the subject matter of his later paintings by leaving out solid objects and detail, concentrating on the play of light on water, the radiance of skies and fires.


Selected works
1799–Warkworth Castle, Northumberland–Thunder Storm Approaching at Sun-Set, oil on canvas–Victoria and Albert Museum, London
1806–The Battle of Trafalgar, as Seen from the Mizen Starboard Shrouds of the Victory, oil on canvas–Tate Gallery, London
1812–Snow Storm: Hannibal and His Army Crossing the Alps, oil on canvas, Tate Gallery, London
1817–Eruption of Vesuvius, oil on canvas, Yale Center for British Art, New Haven, CT
1822–The Battle of Trafalgar, oil on canvas, National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London
1829–Ulysses Deriding Polyphemus, oil on canvas, National Gallery, London
1835–The Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons, oil on canvas, Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia
1835–The Grand Canal, Venice, oil on canvas, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
1838–The Fighting Temeraire Tugged to Her Last Berth to Be Broken up, oil on canvas, National Gallery, London
1839–Modern Rome - Campo Vaccino, oil on canvas, Private Collection on loan to The National Gallery, Scotland
1840–Slave Ship (Slavers Throwing Overboard the Dead and Dying, Typhoon Coming On), oil on canvas, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
1840–Glaucus and Scylla, oil on canvas, Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX
1840–Rockets and Blue Lights (Close at Hand) to Warn Steamboats of Shoal Water, oil on canvas, Clark Art Museum, Williamstown, MA
1844–Rain, Steam and Speed–The Great Western Railway, oil on canvas, National Gallery, London
Date unknown–Shrimpers, Lyme Regis, oil on board, National Trust for England and Wales, Nunnington Hall, North Yorkshire, UK
约瑟夫·马洛德·威廉·透纳(Joseph Marroad William Turner,1775-1851)是英国最为著名,技艺最为精湛的艺术家之一,19世纪上半叶英国学院派画家的代表,在西方艺术史上无可置疑地位于最杰出的风景画家之列。与约翰·康斯特布尔并称为"真正使英国风景画摆脱荷兰、法国或意大利绘画影响而走上自己独立道路的两个人".透纳以善于描绘光与空气的微妙关系而闻名于世,尤其对水气弥漫的掌握有独到之处。他在艺术史上的特殊贡献是把风景画与历史画、肖像画摆到了同等的地位。透纳生前即享有盛名,1851年去世后依然在世界各地受到敬仰和追摹直至十九世纪晚期。然而,对透纳所有艺术成就的认识则是更后来的事。透纳晚年尤其自十九世纪四十年代起即致力于绘画形式与色彩的探索,人们从他后期那些大胆的习作中找到了印象主义和现代抽象绘画的发端。透纳的绘画艺术到底具有哪些历史意义?对这一问题的回答首先需要机会。过去半个世纪以来,一系列重要的展览和美术馆的陈列被展了透纳各式各样的作品,增进了人们对他的不断认识。这类展览和陈列,许多是由泰特美术馆举办的。透纳生前立下遗嘱将作品捐献给国家,使得共计一百多幅油画成品,数千幅速写和纸本绘画珍藏于泰特美术馆的克劳馆,该馆也是国际透纳研究中心,近年开展的一些国际交流项目,在新的文化语境中进一步扩展了透纳的声誉。
[编辑本段]人物生平
成名之初  透纳于1775年4月23日生于科文加登的梅顿莱因,父亲是个理发师。母亲死于精神错乱。他于1851年12月9日卒与同地。透纳10岁时已表现出绘画才能,被送到一个叔叔那里上学。在绘画上他是个早熟的孩子。透纳最初跟一个地貌色彩画家汤玛斯·马尔顿学水彩,在父亲理发店的橱窗中摆放和销售作品。透纳很早就认识到要想成为一个出名的画家,英国皇家美术学院是一个很好的平台。1789年,十四岁的他进入皇家艺术学会学校学画,第二年春天,即1790年的年展上,他首次展出了自己的水彩作品。不久,他父亲退休离开理发店,全力帮助他的儿子。1793年,透纳建立了自己的画室。传统观点认为,水彩仅仅是一种彩色素描,但是透纳却很快打破了这一陈套,创作了更有其实,更个性化的水彩作品,要让水彩画与当时皇家美术学院传统上更重视的油画的观点分庭抗礼。1799年11月,透纳成为皇家美术学院最年轻的候补会员,在十年时间里,他展出了60多件作品,在批评界树立了牢固的声誉,为日后突飞猛进的发展奠定了基础。24岁,因他在艺术上的突出成就,被英国皇家艺术学会破格接纳为最年轻的会员。他曾走遍意大利,最后才专心去描绘大海的光色和空气的变化。他悉心研究海上光的强度、云彩和风雨的活动,在色彩上,他培养了一种具有浪漫主义感情的特殊手法、创新色彩,着对后来英、法两国的印象主义运动有很大的促进作用。透纳自己曾说,描绘自然需要准确的观察力,他的绘画是他视觉经验的准确体现,而透纳的视觉经验正是他长期细致观察大自然的结果。
  

邓斯坦博城堡
现代大师的产生
户外绘画  1802年二十六岁的透纳当选英国皇家美术学院正式会员,并在1807年成为学院的透视学教授。他强烈建议皇家美术学院能够设立一个风景画接受的席位。1811年透纳逾越他的份内职责,在皇家美术学院举办了一个题为《背景——建筑和风景画入门》的讲座。在这次讲座中他告诫学生们:“选择、整合、浓缩自然之美及美术之妙,既是他这类风景画家的职责,也是其他艺术门类的职责”。和当时其他英国画家一样,如约翰·康斯特布尔(1776-1837),透纳也尝试在户外作油画素描,就像五十年后的印象派画家那样。在大量的素描和水彩习作中,他记录了自己对风景、光线和空气状况的体验,从而为一批室内创作提供了基本的素材。
战争与和平中的不列颠  在透纳成年后的22年中,英国一直在与大革命时期及拿破仑时期的法国交战。1805年纳尔逊勋爵在特拉法尔加海战中大败法国舰队,法国入侵英伦已不太现实,但英国的警备并未松懈,一直到1815年,拿破仑在滑铁卢战败,英国才稍感轻松。战争成了英国民众心头的大事,因此透纳此时和其后的许多作品都弥漫着战争的气氛,皇家美术学院的年展是透纳展示自己最重要作品的平台,但特拉法尔加之战这一年,他并没有送交作品,这在他的艺术生涯中也是不多见的,他把位于哈利大街上住宅的一部分改造为一间画廊,这一年的作品就在这里展出。透纳这是在效仿雷诺兹和韦斯特等前辈画家,在伦敦市中心开设自己的画廊,极大地提高了他作品的销路和名字。此间,他在出版商那里声誉因《英格兰南海岸的旖旎风光》的出版进一步得到了提升,这是第一个以他的作品为主的风景系列。透纳的水彩不仅反映了战时的英国,还反映了更为广阔的英国生活图景。
色彩的凯歌  十九世纪二十年代初透纳的创作明显转向,随后十年便是实验与过渡的时期。最明显的重要转变是在色调上,即从自然写实的色系转向更加明亮更有力度的纯色。这段时期透纳在构思作品时,通常先要创作大量的习作,这些习作常被称为“第一层颜色”。这一用原色构筑画面的手法似乎也解放了其油画创作,引入更富有诗意的色彩处理手法。在这些年中,他一直保持着高水平的创作,完成了大批风景画。这些作品多是针对新兴中产阶级的怀旧情绪和爱国主义豪情而作,偶尔也流露出对盼望已久的英国社会政治改革最终到来的喜悦与激动之情。1815年后,滑铁卢战役为整个欧洲带来了和平,英国人又可以重访欧洲大陆了。接下来的三十多年里,透纳继续着每年的写生之旅,其足迹南至帕埃斯图姆(1819年),西涉布列塔尼的威珊岛(1826年),北抵苏格兰(1831年和1834年),东到维也纳(1833年和1840年)。不过到了1817年8月,透纳才自1802年之后第一次借战争结束的机会横渡英吉利海峡踏上欧洲大陆。
进入光中  进入十九世纪四十年代,一些批评家经常同声指责道,透纳的作品不论是题材还是风格都过于任性晦涩。他那时已过了65岁,于是有人就把这些特征归于他的年龄,理所当然地将他晚年的作品贬为“从昏花的眼睛和草率的手中结出的果实”。甚至其他一些人在把这些作品贬为“纯粹色彩狂热的把戏”的时候也承认它们的抽象之美,俏皮地说它们倒过来看也同样很好,或把它们形容为华丽的光线爆发。透纳坚持不懈地追求谜一般的带有他独特风格的目标,但几乎是孤军作战。他的作品销售不太好。从1820年透纳由意大利归来到1843年春天他展出了近一百幅油画,其中只有四十幅很快就有了买主。透纳对形体日益明显的模糊处理在他1840年代的威尼斯风景画中表现得最为明显,在这几幅画中他引入了一种更加克制和迷人的诗意,这与他大部分其他作品中那种崇高的野性形成对照。在这最后时期,他在那些最具幻想性的图像中反复地表现这种构图程式,把一种直截了当的光线大欢庆带入作品之中。然而值得注意的是作品中的这种激进力量在本质上还是基于他对克劳德·洛兰的持久尊崇。
  透纳的著名作品虽然有几幅《威尼斯风景》、《雨、蒸汽及速度》(“Rain, Steam, Speed”,1844年作).等,但比这些作品更为人所熟知的是《军舰德美勒尔号》。从透纳的所有作品可以看出,表现着想要压倒人的一种霸气。常常在展览会的前一天,他特意到会场去,注意地看陈列在自己画近旁的其它画的色调,再在自己的画上涂以强烈的颜料,想压倒其他的画。因此有时候把整个构图弄乱,不止一次受到批评家的嘲笑。象《军舰德美勒尔号》,描绘在落日的海上,配置着已经属于过去时代的帆船和新时代的汽船,想要表现历史的感情;不过,当时它被作为只是乱涂颜料的作品,曾受到严厉的批评。
  而《贩奴船》则尤其表现了他艺术的成熟。
  透纳在晚年虽然成为有名的画家,过着非常富裕的生活,但很难令人想象,却是一个具有象侦探小说中那种双重性格的人,有时象个可尊敬的绅士住在山下幽静的邸宅里,有时却象“一个老船工”住在偏僻地方的贫民窟里,穿着破烂的衣服,一面晒太阳,一面给贫民窟的孩子们信口开河地讲“乘船的冒险故事”。而且他死后,尸体也发现在贫民窟一间肮脏的屋子里。
[编辑本段]成就及荣誉  如果你没有看过那幅曾被英国人评为“世界十大名画之首”的《战斗的泰梅莱尔号》,也没有见过那幅曾拍出2000万英镑天价的《珠玳卡岛》,但也许听说过国际上最负盛名的当代艺术大奖——英国特纳奖。这项欧洲最权威的视觉艺术奖,便是以今天的主角透纳命名的。
  生于泰晤士河边的透纳,似乎天性里就有一种游吟诗人气质。从17岁到70岁,他从未间断过在英伦三岛和欧洲游历、观察和写生。不但跑去法国领略拿破仑掠夺来的欧洲绘画珍宝,更多的去处,则是乡间、海边、山野、湖畔……。感性、灵性加高产似乎一直是透纳作画的特质,他曾经在意大利短短两个月中,便创作了1500多幅水彩速写。有时还在画上附注颜色,例如“土壤呈浅红色、灰绿色,大海是蓝色,阳光下薄雾和煦,叶簇明丽,阴暗处呈宁静的灰色”等等。这些都极大锻炼了透纳观察自然物象微妙变化的独特本领,也促使他后来形成以表现大自然中光线、雾气、风雨、雷电等异常景观为特色的艺术风格。当然,他的激情和技法也很快从水彩画升华到油画创作上。
[编辑本段]生平年谱及大事记  
透纳
文化及政治事件
1775
约瑟·马洛德·威廉·透纳(Joseph Mallord William Turner)出生于伦敦柯芬园。
美国独立战争开始(至1783年)。
1789
透纳成为皇家艺术院的学生。
法国大革命开始;巴士底狱暴动。
  乔治·华盛顿(George Washington)当选美国第一任总统。
  威廉·布莱克(William Blake),《天真之歌》(Songs of Innocence)。
1796
透纳在皇家艺术院展出首幅油画作品《海上渔夫》(Fishermen at Sea)。
1797
透纳第一次到英格兰北部游历,参观了诺拉姆城堡。
1799
透纳当选为皇家艺术院助理院士,时年24岁。
  与威廉•贝克福德(William Beckford)在威尔特郡的芳特希尔逗留。
拿破仑在法国掌权。
  埃及发现罗塞塔石碑。
1800
透纳的母亲由于精神失常被送进伯利恒医院。
亚历桑德罗·伏特(Alessandro Volta)发明了电池。
  不列颠与爱尔兰《联合法》(Act of Union)通过。
1801
透纳到苏格兰游历,从湖区返回。
1802
透纳当选为皇家艺术院正式院士。
  首次游历法国和瑞士;研习卢浮宫的画作。
英法签订《亚眠和约》(Peace of Amiens)。
1804
透纳的母亲去世。
  透纳在哈雷街自己的画廊首次举办作品展。
西班牙对英宣战。
  拿破仑在法国称帝。
1807
透纳的《研究之书》(Liber Studiorum)第一卷,这是记录其主要作品的一系列印刷品。
  透纳当选为皇家艺术院透视学教授。
1808
透纳初次在他最重要的资助者沃尔特•.福克斯(Walter Fawkes)在约克郡的芳丽宅第逗留。
1811
透纳作为透视学教授举行了六次系列讲座中的第一次系列讲座。
乔治三世(George III)患病,其长子成为摄政王。
  英格兰乡间发生“卢德骚乱”;捣毁新机器。
  简·奥斯丁(Jane Austen),《理智与情感》(Sense and Sensibility)。
1815
透纳在国家美术馆展出了《狄多建设迦太基》(Dido building Carthage)。
拿破仑兵败滑铁卢战役,被流放到圣赫勒拿岛。
1817
透纳在皇家艺术院展出《狄多建设迦太基》(Dido building Carthage)的姐妹作品《迦太基帝国的衰落》(The Decline of the Carthaginian Empire)。
  凭吊了滑铁卢战场。
滑铁卢桥开放。
1819
透纳首次游历意大利。
曼彻斯特彼得卢大屠杀;要求议会改革的11名抗议者遇难。
  约翰·拉斯金(John Ruskin)出生
1822
透纳在安妮女王西街的新画廊开业。
  透纳受乔治四世(George IV)委托绘制《特拉法尔加战役》(the Battle of Trafalgar)的巨幅画。
珀西·比希·雪莱(Percy Bysshe Shelley)在斯佩齐亚湾溺水身亡。
1827
透纳访问了萨塞克斯的佩特沃斯,埃格雷蒙特伯爵三世(the third Earl of Egremont)(1751-1837)的家乡。
威廉·布莱克(William Blake)、路德维希·冯·贝多芬(Ludwig van Beethoven)去世。
1828
透纳第二次游历意大利。
  透纳六次透视学系列讲座中的最后一次。
  透纳开始为佩特沃斯的雕塑室创作委托作品。
惠灵顿公爵(The Duke of Wellington)出任首相。
1829
透纳的父亲去世。
  透纳开始与索菲亚·凯瑟琳·布斯(Sophia Caroline Booth)居住在马盖特。
英国《天主教徒解禁法》(Catholic Emancipation Act); 允许天主教徒做议会候选人并担任公职。
  伦敦出现第一批公共马车。
1834
透纳绘制议会大厦的火灾。
议会大厦几乎全部焚毁。
  《济贫法》(Poor Law)为穷人建立了劳动救济所。
1837
透纳辞去透视学教授职位。
威廉四世(William IV)去世,维多利亚女王(Queen Victoria)继位。
  约翰·康斯特布尔(John Constable)去世。
  查尔斯·狄更斯(Charles Dickens),《雾都孤儿》(Oliver Twist)。
1838
伦敦国家美术馆开放。
1839
透纳展出了《战斗的“勇猛号”于1838年被拖往最后停泊处拆毁》(The Fighting 'Teméraire' tugged to her last berth to be broken up)
1840
透纳和拉金斯初次见面。
卡斯帕·大卫·弗里德里希(Caspar David Friedrich)去世。
  第一所女子艺术学校在萨默塞特宫成立。
  维多利亚女王(Queen Victoria)与萨克森—科堡—哥达亲王阿尔伯特(Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha)成婚。
  英国建立一便士均一邮资制。
1843
拉斯金旨在为透纳辩护的《现代画家》(Modern Painters)第一卷出版。
伊莎贝拉二世(Isabella II)宣布为成西班牙女王。
1844
透纳展出了《雨、蒸汽和速度——西部大铁路》(Rain, Steam and Speed - The Great Western Railway)。
1845
透纳在马丁·阿齐尔·希爵士(Sir Martin Archer Shee)患病期间担任皇家艺术院代理院长。
爱尔兰土豆大饥荒。
1846
开始以“阿德米拉尔·布斯”(Admiral Booth)的假名与布斯夫人在切尔西生活。
1851
透纳在切尔西的家中去世。 遗体葬于圣保罗大教堂的地下室中。
世界博览会(The Great Exhibition)在伦敦水晶宫举办。
[编辑本段]个人作品  《海上渔夫》
  《海上渔夫》便是透纳在皇家美术学院年展(1796年)上展出的首幅油画作品。那时,21岁的透纳已经凭他的古典风格水彩地志画小有名气,也颇受英国藏家喜爱。可年少心雄的他认为要确立画家名声,必要创作更成熟的油画。《海上渔夫》中渔船所在的位置是英国南部海岸线外的威特岛。透纳于1795年走访过该岛,画了大量关于海岸的速写和水彩画并收录于《威特岛速写集》。但少有人知道他曾悄悄创作下这样一幅技法和质量都不容忽略的油画。“船只在海面上自然漂浮、摇曳,水波荡漾,效果逼真。”当年在皇家美术学院展览评论导读中,这幅画因其自然主义的特色而获此赞誉。而细心的人还会欣喜地发现,在这幅早期的油画上已经出现了“透纳式”的剧烈漩涡结构的迹象。
  《暴风雪:汉尼拔和他的军队越过阿尔卑斯山》
  不满足于水彩画小写意的透纳,同样不甘心于单纯地把笔触瞄向自然。他一度醉心于借风景画表现历史甚至神话题材,在一个浓重的历史故事中拓展放浪不羁的想象。 那幅曾受世人瞩目的《暴风雪:汉尼拔和他的军队越过阿尔卑斯山》,无疑是这次展览最值得期待的。 这幅创作于1812年的画作展示给我们的绝对是一幅惊心动魄的画面:巨大的雪崩从天而降,明亮刺目又势不可挡,粗壮古老的巨树被摧残成残缺的树根横亘前景,延展的地平线上隐约看到传奇的大象。透纳描述了汉尼拔士兵和大象企图在一场灾难临头的暴风雪中翻越阿尔卑斯山的惊险场面,灵感则来自他1802年的一次阿尔卑斯山之旅。构图呈排山倒海的翻腾趋势,造成令人目眩的剧烈运动感,而急速的笔触仿佛令人幻听到轰隆的雪块崩塌的巨响。在画前不禁让人联想到汉尼拔征战罗马的历史,翻越阿尔卑斯山之后9万步兵、1万2千骑兵和几十头战象组成的汉尼拔的大军,只剩下2万步兵,6千多没有马的骑兵和一头战象。
  不过,最能体现透纳艺术成就,却也最引人争议的是他晚年阶段的创作。生性富有幻想、带有凝重浪漫主义气质的透纳,年龄大了以后,却变得有些偏执,和人很少交往。最常做的事,便是一个人走出门去体验自然世界,再关起门来作画。
  《诺哈姆城堡:日出》
  虽然这个阶段,终生未婚的透纳,因为父亲的去世已经患上了轻微的抑郁症,并隐姓埋名住在情人的乡间茅屋里,可他却从未停止过作画,而且更加放纵色彩的运用。 《诺哈姆城堡:日出》和《日出:一艘船在海岬之间》,《风雨和速度-西部大铁路》等一系列作品中,画面已然成了抽象的色彩符号,几乎很难辨别出物体的轮廓。紧张的色调和瞬息的光影令画中物象隐身于海天、天地之间。大卫•皮派尔曾在《图说艺术史》一书中称他晚期的作品为“奇异的迷团”。然而恰是这个“谜团”,使透纳不仅跻身于英国画家的前列,而且对后来法国的印象派、抽象派绘画都产生了巨大的影响。
[编辑本段]特纳奖  特纳奖以画家透纳(J.M.W. Turner)命名,是颁发给50岁以下英国视觉艺术家的年度奖项。这项活动由泰特美术馆组织,在泰特英国美术馆举行。自1984年开始颁奖以来,特纳奖已经成为英国最著名的艺术奖项。
  每年在公布四个获提名者后以及公布获奖者前的准备期间,特纳奖都受到媒体密切关注。这些关注中大部分是批评意见,经常提出的问题是:“这是艺术吗?”艺术家通常以“创新”形式从事创作,包括视频艺术、装置艺术和非传统雕塑,尽管也有画家获奖,但人们已经将这一奖项与概念艺术联系在一起。
  艺术家是通过其前一年举办的展览选拔的。虽然公众也受邀提名,但人们广泛认为公众提名作用甚微。通常在5月有三周时间组委会接受公众提名;7月公布最后入围者名单(1991年起改为四位艺术家);10月末组委会在泰特英国美术馆举办获提名者作品展;12月初公布获奖者。作品展一直开放到1月。据公布,特纳奖并不是根据泰特美术馆的展览评定,先前艺术家获得提名的展览更有分量。
  特纳奖的获得者在媒体宣传方面的成功,为20世纪90年代末英国青年艺术家(YBA)、酷不列颠(Cool Britannia)以及查尔斯·萨奇(Charles Saatchi)资助的“感觉”展览等各种展览取得成功做出了贡献。
  特纳奖入围的艺术家大部分是第一次为公众所知,其中一些人谈到了突然在媒体的镁光灯下曝光时遇到的困难。获奖者作品的售价通常会飙升。克里斯·奥菲利(Chris Ofili)、阿尼什·卡普尔(Anish Kapoor)和杰里米.戴勒(Jeremy Deller)后来成为泰特美术馆董事会成员。一些艺术家,尤其是萨拉·卢卡斯(Sarah Lucas),拒绝接受提名。

Wilkinson , G.(1982). Turner on landscape. Great Britain: Wm .Brendon, Tiptree,Essex. P. 113-124.


Warrell, I.(1999). Turner on the seine. London : Tate Gallery .P.62-88.


Smiles. S.(2006).The Turner Book. London: Tate Enterprises Ltd. P. 74-77.


Gage.J.(1969).Colour in Turner: poetry and truth. London: Highgate Hill. P. 196-213.


Chamberlin.G.J.& Ghamberlin.D.G.(1980). Colour: Its measurement , computation and application. London: Heyden and Son Ltd., P. 46-102.



Zenlanski.P.& Fisher.P.M.(1989) .Colour. London:The Herbert Press . P.9-15. P.86-95.


Longair .M.(1995).P.65-103. Colour: Art&Science. Lamb.T.& Bourriau.J. Cambridge. The University Press.


Goethe, J.(1971). P.78-96. Goethe’s colour theory. Matthaei. R. London: Highgate Hill.







Chris Ofili





When I checked this person after the exhibition, I found that Chris Ofili exhibition London was home for Chris Ofili for many years having been one of the famous Young British Artists backed by Saatchi back in the nineties. A contemporary of Damien Hirst and Tracey Emin, Chris Ofili featured in the sensational Sensation exhibition and has been a major contender on the contemporary art scene ever since.



Mixed mediaOver 45 paintings are included in the Chris Ofili exhibition at Tate Britain, along with a selection of drawings and watercolours. All created in his instantly recognisable style, the works are colourful and expressive, and many feature his trademark use of elephant dung. Alongside the excretia, gillter, resign, map pins and excerpts from glossy magazine are also used to add layers to the canvases.


When I saw his work in Tate Britain , I found it's so hard to understand , I don't know what he wanna express to others actrually. But it's a really visual feast to me. Maybe I could study the color he use and put it in my print work then.



Blythe House Archive

I didn't upload after I saw the exhibition,but I found I have written something in my notebook. But I remembered I went there with Kay that day in the morning. The place was quite far. And when we arrived there a person came out and took me and my classmates about 20 people to another room. The room is full of books on the tables which beside walls. The room looks very old. And two people began to introduce the history of Blythe House Archive and also they talked about their collection about old printing ,weaving. I saw many really beautiful sketch books which are full of patterns . And I also have interested in the print before. They look so simple but has different tecniques in it.

After the exhibition , I know that The Archive of Art and Design (AAD) was established in 1978 to house the V&A's growing archival holdings.

It collects, conserves and makes available for research the archives of individuals, associations and companies involved in the art and design process. Particular emphasis is placed on records concerning 20th-century British design.

2010年6月3日星期四

EFF (Ethical Fashion Forum)


EFF (Ethical Fashion Forum)

After seeing that show , I thought i have interested on it, because everyone seems like explore something new ,they have done lots of great works . so I want to know it more . Then I just searched online. I think it'll be useful for me and others as well.


The EFF approach is:
INCLUSIVE Open to designers, retailers, buyers, fair trade producers, manufacturers, NGO’s, fashion students and tutors, consumers… The EFF aims to provide a platform for shared practices, pooling resources, communication and links across the industry.

PROGRESSIVE Complex, global supply chains make it difficult for fashion companies to implement sustainable standards in a single step. The EFF encourages progressive, structured practices towards sustainability.

GRASS ROOTSFounded by fashion designers and businesses in response to challenges to sustainable practices, the EFF has been designed and developed by the industry, for the industry.

NOT FOR PROFITEFF is a not for profit organisation, focused upon poverty reduction, education and the environment, in relation to the fashion industry. It is run by a representative board


And in my opinion ,the people who likes doing EFF want to support and promote sustainable practices, facilitate collaboration , raise awareness and provide the tools and resources needed to reduce poverty, reduce environmental damage and raise standards in the fashion industry.


That what I learned after the exhibition.